<\/p>\n
The C++ Programming Language <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n 2\uc7a5 \uc6cc\ubc0d\uc5c5 : C++ \ub458\ub7ec\ubcf4\uae30 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2.1 C++ \uc774\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00?<\/em><\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc6a9\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uc4f8\uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d\uc5d0 \uac15\ud55c \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d \uc5b8\uc5b4<\/p>\n <\/p>\n C++\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uc131\uaca9 <\/strong><\/p>\n 2.2 C++\ub294 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d \ud328\ub7ec\ub2e4\uc784\uc774 \ud55c\ub450 \uac1c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \uac1d\ucc44 \uc9c0\ud5a5 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d\uc740 ‘\ud6cc\ub96d\ud55c’ \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc744 \uc9dc\uac8c \ud574 \uc8fc\ub294 \ud328\ub7ec\ub2e4\uc784(paradigm)\uc911 \ud558\ub098 \uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d \uc5b8\uc5b4\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ub824\uba74 \uadf8 \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\uc744 \ud3b8\ud558\uac8c(\uc27d\uace0, \uc548\uc804\ud558\uace0, \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc73c\ub85c) \uc4f8 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc801 \uc7a5\uce58\uac00 \ub4b7\ubc1b\uce68 \ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc870\uac74 <\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n C++\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c <\/strong><\/p>\n \uc808\ucc28\uc801 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d – \uac1d\uccb4 \uc9c0\ud5a5 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d – \uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d<\/p>\n 2.3 \uc808\ucc28\uc801 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \uc808\ucc28\uc801 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d\uc758 \ud328\ub7ec\ub2e4\uc784 <\/strong><\/p>\n – \ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0\uc5d0 \uc801\ud569\ud55c \ucc98\ub9ac \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uc815\ud558\uace0 \ucc3e\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ucd5c\uc120\uc758 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \uad6c\uc0ac\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \ub300\uac8c \ud568\uc218\uc5d0 \uc778\uc790\ub97c \uc804\ub2ec\ud558\uace0 \ud568\uc218\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uac12\uc744 \ubc18\ud658 \ud558\ub294 \uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998\uc774 \uc81c\uacf5\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubcf4\ud1b5\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ub2e4\uc74c\uc740 \uc81c\uacf1\uadfc\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud558\ub294 \ud568\uc218 \uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2.3.1 \ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \uc0b0\uc220 \uc5f0\uc0b0<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc774\ub984\uacfc \ud45c\ud604\uc2dd\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc774 \uc218\ud589\ub420\uc9c0 \uc815\ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \ud0c0\uc785\uc774\ub780 \uac83\uc774 \ubd99\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n C++\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ud0c0\uc785\ub4e4 \uc911 \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 <\/strong><\/p>\n *\ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\ub098 \ucef4\ud30c\uc77c\ub7ec\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud06c\uae30\uac00 \ub2e4\ub97c \uc218 \uc788\uc74c<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \uc774\ub7f0 \ud0c0\uc785\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uacc4\uc0b0\uc744 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud560 \ub54c \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc0b0\uc220 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc790\uc640 \ube44\uad50 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc790\uac00 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \ub300\uc785 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uacfc \uc0b0\uc220 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc744 \uae30\ubcf8 \uc81c\uacf5 \ud0c0\uc785\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc218\ud589 \ud560 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294, \ub2e4\ub978 \ud0c0\uc785\uc744 \uc4f0\ub354\ub77c\uace0 \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uac8c \uc11e\uc5b4 \uc4f8 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uc801\uc808\ud55c \ud0c0\uc785 \ubcc0\ud658\uc774 \ub0b4\ubd80 \uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ub2e4\uc74c\uc740 \ud0c0\uc785 \ubcc0\ud658\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc608\uc81c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <TEXTAREA class=c name=code row=”10″ col=”60″>#include <iostream.h> void main () { double a = 2.2; \/\/a\ub294 double\ud615\uc73c\ub85c \uc18c\uc218\uc810 \uae4c\uc9c0 \ud45c\uc2dc \uac00\ub2a5 int b = 7; \/\/b\ub294 int\ud615 cout<<“a : “<<a; \/\/a\uc758 \ucd08\uae30\uac12 cout<<“nb : “<<b; \/\/b\uc758 \ucd08\uae30\uac12 cout<<“nnn”; a = a + b; \/\/a \uc5d0 a\uc640 b\ub97c \ub354\ud55c \uac12\uc744 \ub123\ub294\ub2e4.(2.2+7) cout<<“nafter —– a = a + b :”; cout<<“na : “<<a; \/\/a \ub294 9.2\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc74c cout<<“nb : “<<b; \/\/b \ub294 7 cout<<“nnn”; b = a * b; \/\/b \uc5d0 a\uc640 b\ub97c \uacf1\ud55c \uac12\uc744 \ub123\ub294\ub2e4.(9.2 * 7) cout<<“nafter —– b = a * b :”; cout<<“na : “<<a; \/\/a \ub294 9.2 cout<<“nb : “<<b; \/\/b \ub294 64.4\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc int\ud0c0\uc785\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \ud0c0\uc785 \ubcc0\ud658\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc838 64\uac00 \ucd9c\ub825 \ub41c\ub2e4. } <\/TEXTAREA><\/p>\n b\uc758 int \ud0c0\uc785\uc5d0 \ub9de\uac8c \ubcc0\ud658 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2.3.2 \uc870\uac74\uac80\uc0ac \ubc0f \ub8e8\ud504 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n C++ \uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubd84\uae30(selection)\uc640 \ub8e8\ud504\ucc98\ub9ac(looping)\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uad6c\ubb38\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ub2e4\uc74c\uc740 \uac04\ub2e8\ud55c \uc785\ub825\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \uadf8 \uc751\ub2f5\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \ubd88(bool)\uac12\uc744 \ud45c\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uc608\uc81c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <TEXTAREA class=c name=code row=”10″ col=”60″>#include <iostream.h> bool accept( ) { char answer = 0; \/\/\ubb38\uc790 \ubcc0\uc218 cout<<“Do you want to stop (y or n) ?n”; \/\/\uc9c8\ubb38 \ucd9c\ub825 cin>>answer; \/\/\ub300\ub2f5\uc744 \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4. if(answer == ‘y’) return true; \/\/’y’ \uc774\uba74 1 (true)\uc744 \ubc18\ud658 return false; \/\/’y’\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 0 (false)\uc744 \ubc18\ud658 } void main( ) { bool true_false = accept(); \/\/bool\ubcc0\uc218\uc5d0 accept \ud568\uc218\uac12\uc744 \uc800\uc7a5 cout<<true_false; \/\/true, false\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c 1, 0 \uc744 \ucd9c\ub825 } <\/TEXTAREA><\/p>\n \uc704\uc758 \uc608\uc81c \uc5d0\uc11c accept <\/em><\/strong><\/span>\ud568\uc218\ub97c n\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc600\uc744 \uacbd\uc6b0\uae4c\uc9c0 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uba74 \uc870\uae08 \ub354 \uc9dc\uc784\uc0c8 \uc788\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <TEXTAREA class=c name=code row=”10″ col=”60″>bool accept2() { char answer =0; cout<<“Do you want to stop (y or n) ?n”; cin>>answer; switch(answer) { case ‘y’: return true; \/\/’y’ \uc774\uba74 1 (true)\uc744 \ubc18\ud658 case ‘n’: return false; \/\/’n’ \uc774\uba74 0 (false)\uc744 \ubc18\ud658 default: cout<<“I’ll take that for a no.n”; return false; \/\/’y’. ‘n’\ub458 \ub2e4 \uc544\ub2d0 \ub54c\ub294 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 0 (false)\uc744 \ubc18\ud658 } } <\/TEXTAREA><\/p>\n \uc704 \uc608\uc81c\uc758 switch\ubb38\uc740 \uc0c1\uc218\uc758 \uc9d1\ud569\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac12\uc744 \uac80\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \uc870\uac74\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. ‘case \uc0c1\uc218’\ub294 \uc11c\ub85c \uacb9\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544\uc57c \ud558\uace0 \uac80\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \uac11\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc0c1\uc218\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud574\ub2f9 \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 default\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ucc98\ub9ac \ud750\ub984\uc774 \uc624\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \uc704 \uc608\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub8e8\ud504\ub97c \uc801\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uba87 \ubc88\uc758 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub97c \ud560\uc218\ub85d \uace0\uce60 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <TEXTAREA class=c name=code row=”10″ col=”60″>bool accept3( ) { int tries = 1; \/\/\uc2dc\ub3c4 \ud69f\uc218 \uce74\uc6b4\ud2b8\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ubcc0\uc218 while (tries<4) \/\/tries \uac12\uc774 4\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc791\uc744\ub54c \uc544\ub798\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac { cout<<“Do you want to stop (y or n) ?n”; char answer = 0; cin >> answer; switch(answer) { case ‘y’: return true; \/\/’y’\uc77c\ub54c true\uac12\uc744 \ubc18\ud658\ud558\uace0 \ub098\uc628\ub2e4. case ‘n’: return false; \/\/’n’\uc77c\ub54c false\uac12\uc744 \ubc18\ud658\ud558\uace0 \ub098\uc628\ub2e4. default: cout<<“Sorry, only ‘y’ or ‘n’n”; \/\/’y’ , ‘n’ \ub458\ub2e4 \uc544\ub2d0\ub54c \ubcf4\ub0b4\ub294 \uba54\uc138\uc9c0 tries = tries++; \/\/tries\ubcc0\uc218\uc5d0 1\uc744 \ub354\ud55c\ub2e4\uc74c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uac04\ub2e4. } } cout<<“I’ll take that for a no.n”; return false; \/\/1~3\uae4c\uc9c0 3\ubc88\uc774 \ubc18\ubcf5\ub418\uc5b4 tries\ubcc0\uc218\uac00 4\uac00 \ub418\uba74 while\ubb38\uc744 \ube60\uc838\ub098\uc640 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0b8 \ud6c4 false\ub97c \ubc18\ud658\ud55c\ub2e4. }<\/TEXTAREA><\/p>\n \uc704 \uc608\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c while\ubb38\uc740 \uc870\uac74\uc774 \uac70\uc9d3(false)\uc774 \ub420 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uad6c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2.3.3 \ud3ec\uc778\ud130\uc640 \ubc30\uc5f4 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \ubc30\uc5f4\uc758 \uc120\uc5b8<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <TEXTAREA class=c name=code row=”10″ col=”60″>char k[4]; \/\/\ubb38\uc790 4\uac1c\uc758 \ubc30\uc5f4 <\/TEXTAREA><\/p>\n – char\ud0c0\uc785 4\uac1c\uac00 \uc120\uc5b8 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. ( k[0], k[1], k[2], k[3] )<\/p>\n \ud3ec\uc778\ud130\uc758 \uc120\uc5b8<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <TEXTAREA class=c name=code row=”10″ col=”60″>char *p; \/\/\ubb38\uc790\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\ub294 \ud3ec\uc778\ud130 <\/TEXTAREA><\/p>\n – char \ud0c0\uc785\uc758 \uac1d\uccb4\uac00 \uc800\uc7a5\ub41c \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \uc8fc\uc18c\ub97c \uac00\uc9c4\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <TEXTAREA class=c name=code row=”10″ col=”60″> p = &k[2]; \/\/ p\ub294 k\uc758 3\ubc88\uc9f8 \uc6d0\uc18c\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\ub294 \ud3ec\uc778\ud130 <\/TEXTAREA><\/p>\n – \ub2e8\ud56d \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc790\uc778 &\uc740 \uc8fc\uc18c ( address-of ) \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc790\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \uc544\ub798\ub294 \ud55c \ubc30\uc5f4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc30\uc5f4\ub85c 4\uac1c\uc758 \uc6d0\uc18c\ub97c \ubcf5\uc0ac \ud558\ub294 \uc608\uc81c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <TEXTAREA class=c name=code row=”10″ col=”60″>#include <iostream.h> void main( ) { int k1[4] = {1,2,3,4}; \/\/\ubcf5\uc0ac\ud560 \ubcc0\uc218 \uc120\uc5b8\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc785\ub825 int k2[4] = {0,0,0,0}; \/\/\ubcf5\uc0ac \ubc1b\uc744 \ubcc0\uc218 \uc120\uc5b8\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 0\uc73c\ub85c \ucd08\uae30\ud654 int i; cout <<“Before copy————“; for (i = 0; i<3; i++) \/\/\ubcf5\uc0ac \ud558\uae30\uc804\uc758 \ubc30\uc5f4\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 for\ubb38 { cout<<“nnk1[“<<i<<“] : “<<k1[i]; cout<<“nk2[“<<i<<“] : “<<k2[i]; } for (i=0; i<4; i++) k2[i] = k1[i]; \/\/k1 \ubc30\uc5f4\uc744 k2\ubc30\uc5f4\ub85c \ubcf5\uc0ac \ud558\ub294 for\ubb38 cout <<“nnnAfter copy————“; for (i = 0; i<3; i++) \/\/\ubcf5\uc0ac\ud55c \ud6c4\uc758 \ubc30\uc5f4\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 for\ubb38 { cout<<“nnk1[“<<i<<“] : “<<k1[i]; cout<<“nk2[“<<i<<“] : “<<k2[i]; } } <\/TEXTAREA><\/p>\n \uc704 \uc608\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc4f0\uc778 for\ubb38\uc740 i\ub97c 0\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc774 \uac12\uc774 4\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc791\uc740 \ub3d9\uc548 i\ubc88\uc9f8\uc758 \uc6d0\uc18c\ub97c \ubcf5\uc0ac\ud558\uace0 i\ub97c \uc99d\uac00\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4<\/p>\n 2.4 \ubaa8\ub4c8\ud654 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub450\uba74, \uadf8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc870\uc791\ud558\ub294 \ud504\ub85c\uc2dc\uc800\uac00 \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c \ud558\ub098 \ub458 \uc0dd\uae30\uac8c \ub418\ub294\ub370 \uc774\uac83\ub4e4\uc774 \ubaa8\uc778 \uac83\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ucf1c \ubaa8\ub4c8(module)\uc774\ub77c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \ubaa8\ub4c8\ud654 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d\uc758 \ud328\ub7ec\ub2e4\uc784 <\/strong><\/p>\n – \ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0\uc5d0 \uc801\ud569\ud55c \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc744 \uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n – \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc744 \ucabc\uac1c\uc5b4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ubaa8\ub4c8 \uc18d\uc5d0 \uc228\uaca8\uc9c0\ub3c4\ub85d \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \uc774\ub7f0 \ud328\ub7ec\ub2e4\uc784\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ucf1c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc740\ub2c9 \uc6d0\uce59(data-hiding principle)<\/em><\/strong><\/span>\uc774\ub77c\uace0\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \ubaa8\ub4c8\ud654 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d\uc744 \uc798 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uc608\ub85c \uc2a4\ud0dd\uc774 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uc2a4\ud0dd\uc758 \uad6c\ud604\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubcf4\ud1b5\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \ub2e4\uc74c\uc740 namespace\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9 \ud558\uc5ec Stack\uc774\ub780 \uc774\ub984\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\ub97c \uc120\uc5b8\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\uc640 \uc774 \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9 \uc608\uc81c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <TEXTAREA class=c name=code row=”10″ col=”60″>namespace stack \/\/\uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4 (\ubaa8\ub4c8 \uc120\uc5b8\ubd80) { void push(char); char pop( ); } void main( ) { stack::push(‘c’); if(stack::pop( ) != ‘c’) error(“impossible”); } <\/TEXTAREA><\/p>\n stack::<\/em><\/strong><\/span> \uc774\ub780 \ud55c\uc815\ud45c\uc2dc(qualification)\uc740 \uadf8 \ub4a4\uc758 push( )<\/em><\/strong><\/span>\uc640 pop( )<\/em><\/strong><\/span>\uc774 stack namespace\uc758 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub73b\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub85c\uc368 \ub611\uac19\uc740 push( )<\/em><\/strong><\/span> \ub098 pop( )<\/em><\/strong><\/span>\uc744 \uc4f0\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc774\ub984 \ud63c\ub3d9\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4<\/p>\n stack \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc758 \uc815\uc758(\uad6c\ud604)\ucf54\ub4dc\ub294 (\uc120\uc5b8\ubd80\uc640) \ubcc4\ub3c4\ub85c \ucef4\ud30c\uc77c\ub41c \ud30c\uc77c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1b\uc544 \uc62c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <TEXTAREA class=c name=code row=”10″ col=”60″>namespace stack { const int max_size = 200; char v[max_size]; int top = 0; void push(char c) { \/* overflow\ub97c \uc810\uac80\ud558\uace0 c\ub97c push\ud55c\ub2e4.*\/ } char pop( ) { \/* underflow\ub97c \uc810\uac80\ud558\uace0 pop\ud55c\ub2e4. *\/ } } <\/TEXTAREA><\/p>\n \uc774 \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \ucf54\ub4dc\uac00 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ud45c\ud604\ubd80\uc640 \ubd84\ub9ac \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc74c\uc5d0 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud558\uc790. \uc774\ub294 stack::push( )<\/em><\/strong><\/span>\uc640 stack pop::( )<\/em><\/strong><\/span>\uc774 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n C++\uc758 namespace \uc5d0\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc120\uc5b8\uc774\ub4e0 \ub123\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc740 \uc2a4\ud0dd\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \uc218\ub2e8\uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc77c\ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n 2.4.1 \ubd84\ud560 \ucef4\ud30c\uc77c <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac1c\uc758 \ud558\uc704 \uad6c\uc131 \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \ubaa8\uc544\uc11c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4 \ub54c \ubd84\ud560 \ucef4\ud30c\uc77c (separate compilation)<\/strong>\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9 \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \ubaa8\ub4c8 \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\ub97c \uc9c0\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc120\uc5b8\ubd80\ub294 ‘\uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4’\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc798 \uc54c\ub824 \uc8fc\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ud30c\uc77c\uc5d0 \ub123\uc5b4 \ub454\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <TEXTAREA class=c name=code row=”10″ col=”60″>namespace stack \/\/\uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4 { void push(char); char pop( ); } <\/TEXTAREA><\/p>\n \uc2a4\ud0dd\uc744 \uc870\uc791\ud558\ub294 \ud568\uc218\ub97c \uc120\uc5b8\ud574 \ub454 \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\ub97c stack.h\ub77c\ub294 \ud5e4\ub354\ud30c\uc77c(header file)<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ub123\ub294\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uc774 \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 include \ud574\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \ucf54\ub4dc\ub85c \uac00\uc838 \uc628\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <TEXTAREA class=c name=code row=”10″ col=”60″>#include “stack.h” \/\/\uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\ub97c \uac00\uc838 \uc628\ub2e4. void main( ) { stack::push(‘c’); if(stack::pop( ) != ‘c’) error(“impossible”); } <\/TEXTAREA><\/p>\n \uc77c\uad00\uc131\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d, stack \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc758 \uad6c\ud604\ubd80\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ud30c\uc77c \ucabd\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\ub97c include\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <TEXTAREA class=c name=code row=”10″ col=”60″>#include “stack.h” \/\/\uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\ub97c \uac00\uc838\uc628\ub2e4. namespace stack \/\/ \uc2a4\ud0dd\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud45c\ud604 { const int max_size = 200; char v[max_size]; int top = 0; } void push(char c) { \/* overflow\ub97c \uc810\uac80\ud558\uace0 c\ub97c push\ud55c\ub2e4.*\/ } char pop( ) { \/* underflow\ub97c \uc810\uac80\ud558\uace0 pop\ud55c\ub2e4. *\/ } <\/TEXTAREA><\/p>\n \uc774 \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9 \ud558\ub294 \ucf54\ub4dc\ub294 \uc81c 3\uc758 \ud30c\uc77c \uc5d0 \ub454\ub2e4. stack.h\uc548\uc5d0 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub193\uc740 \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uad70\ub370\uc11c \ub04c\uc5b4\uc624\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uace0 \ud574\uc11c \ud30c\uc77c\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc885\uc18d \uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc804\ud600 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. stack.h\ub97c \ubd88\ub7ec \uc624\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \uac01\uac01 \ub530\ub85c \ucef4\ud30c\uc77c \ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc744 \uc798 \uc791\uc131 \ud558\ub824\uba74<\/p>\n 2.4.2 \uc608\uc678 \ucc98\ub9ac <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc758 \uc9d1\ud569\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uacc4 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8 \uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc624\ub958 \ucc98\ub9ac\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub4c8 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \ud574 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. stack \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc744 \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 stack\uc744 \ucd08\uacfc\ud558\ub294 \ubb38\uc790\ub97c push( )<\/em><\/strong><\/span> \ud560 \ub54c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub300\ucc98 \ud574\uc57c \ud560\uae4c? \ud574\uacb0\ucc45\uc740 Stack\ubaa8\ub4c8 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc790 \ucabd\uc5d0\uc11c overflow<\/em><\/strong><\/span>\uac00 \ub098\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub97c \ucc3e\uc544 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc54c\ub824\uc8fc\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <TEXTAREA class=c name=code row=”10″ col=”60″> namespace stack \/\/\uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4 { void push(char); char pop( ); class overflow { }; \/\/overflow \ub77c\ub294 \uc608\uc678 \uc0c1\ud669\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \ud0c0\uc785 } <\/TEXTAREA><\/p>\n stack::push( )<\/em><\/strong><\/span> \ub294 \uc624\ubc84\ud50c\ub85c\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd \ud588\ub2e4 \ud310\ub2e8\ub418\uba74 \uc801\uc808\ud55c \uc608\uc678 \ucc98\ub9ac \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ud638\ucd9c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <TEXTAREA class=c name=code row=”10″ col=”60″> void stack::push(char c) { if ( top == max_size ) throw overflow( ); \/\/ c\ub97c push\ud55c\ub2e4. } <\/TEXTAREA><\/p>\n throw<\/em><\/strong><\/span>\ub294 stack::overflow<\/em><\/strong><\/span> \ud0c0\uc785\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc608\uc678\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac \ud558\ub294 \ube14\ub85d\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4\uad8c\uc744 \ub118\uae34\ub2e4. \uc774 \ube14\ub85d\uc740 stack::push( )\ub97c \uc9c1\uac04\uc811\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud638\ucd9c\ud55c \ud568\uc218 \uc5b4\ub518\uac00\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 ‘\uc81c\uc5b4\uad8c \ub118\uae30\uae30’\ub97c \uc704\ud574 C++\ud658\uacbd\uc740 \ud638\ucd9c\ubd80\uc758 \ubb38\ub9e5\uc744 \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \ucc3e\uc544 \uac08\uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud638\ucd9c \uc2a4\ud0dd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud480\uae30 \ub3d9\uc791\uc744 \uc801\uc808\ud788 \uc218\ud589\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc27d\uac8c \ub9d0\ud574 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uad70\ub370\uc5d0 return\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <TEXTAREA class=c name=code row=”10″ col=”60″> void main( ) { \/\/.. try { \/\/\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \uc608\uc678\uc758 \ucc98\ub9ac\ub294 \uc544\ub798\uc5d0 \uc815\uc758\ub41c \ucc98\ub9ac\uc790\uac00 \ub9e1\ub294\ub2e4. while(true) stack::push(‘c’); } catch (stack::overflow) { \/\/\uc2a4\ud0dd overflow\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc801\uc808\ud55c \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ucde8\ud55c\ub2e4. } \/\/… } <\/TEXTAREA><\/p>\n \uc774 \ucf54\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c while \ub8e8\ud504\ub294 \ubb34\ud55c\uc815 \ub3cc\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c stack::overflow<\/em><\/strong><\/span>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucc98\ub9ac\uc790\uac00 \uc788\ub294 catch<\/em><\/strong><\/span> \uc808\uc740 \uc2a4\ud0dd\uc774 \ub118\uccd0\uc11c stack::push( )<\/em><\/strong><\/span>\uc5d0\uc11c throw<\/em><\/strong><\/span>\uac00 \uc2e4\ud589 \ub41c \ud6c4\uc5d0\uc57c \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc778\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc608\uc678 \ucc98\ub9ac \uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998\uc740 \uc624\ub958 \ucc98\ub9ac \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \uc880\ub354 \uc870\uc9c1\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc77d\uae30 \uc88b\uac8c \ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub9c8\ub828\ub41c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n 2.5 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud654 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \uaddc\ubaa8\uac00 \ud070 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8 \uc911\uc5d0 \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \ub41c \uac83\uc740 \ubaa8\ub450 ‘\ubaa8\ub4c8\ud654\uac00 \uc798 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4’ \ub77c\ub294 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc744 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc815\uc758 \ud0c0\uc785\uc758 ‘\ubaa8\uc591\uc0c8’\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uacfc, \uc774 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc37c\uc744 \ub54c \uc0dd\uae30\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0 \ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc815\uc758 \ud0c0\uc785\uc744 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc815\uc758 \ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc54c\uc544\ubcf4\uc790.<\/p>\n 2.5.1 \ubaa8\ub4c8\ub85c \ud0c0\uc785\uc744 \uc815\uc758\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \ubaa8\ub4c8 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d\uc744 \ud558\ub2e4 \ubcf4\uba74, \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \ud0c0\uc785\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub294 \ubaa8\ub450 \ud0c0\uc785 \uad00\ub9ac\uc790 \ubaa8\ub4c8(type manager module) <\/strong>\uac19\uc740 \uac83\uc744 \uc368\uc11c \ubaa8\uc544 \ub450\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \uc0dd\uae38 \uc218 \ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc55e\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf8 stack \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc744 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac1c \uc4f0\uace0 \uc2f6\uc740 \uacbd\uc6b0, \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\uac00 \ub2ec\ub9b0 \uc2a4\ud0dd \uad00\ub9ac\uc790\ub97c \uc815\uc758\ud574\uc11c \uc4f0\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <TEXTAREA class=c name=code row=”10″ col=”60″>namespace stack { struct Rep; \/\/\uc2a4\ud0dd \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 Rep. \uc774\uac83\uc758 \uc815\uc758\ub294 \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. typedef Rep& stack; stack create( ); \/\/\uc2a4\ud0dd\ud558\ub098\ub97c \uc0c8\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4. void destroy(stack s); \/\/s\ub97c \uc0ad\uc81c\ud55c\ub2e4. void push(stack s, char c); \/\/c\ub97c s\uc5d0 push\ud55c\ub2e4. char pop(stack s); \/\/s\ub97c pop\ud55c\ub2e4. } <\/TEXTAREA><\/p>\n \uc120\uc5b8\ubb38 struct Rep;<\/em><\/strong><\/span> \uc5d0\uc11c Rep\uc740 \ud0c0\uc785 \uc774\ub984\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud0c0\uc785 \uc790\uccb4\ub294 \ub098\uc911\uc5d0 \uc815\uc758\ub418\ub3c4\ub85d \ub0b4\ubc84\ub824 \ub454 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8\ub85c \ub098\uc628 \uc120\uc5b8\ubb38 typedef Rep & stack;<\/em><\/strong><\/span> \uc740 ‘Rep\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucc38\uc870\uc790(reference)’\uc5d0 stack\uc774\ub780 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ubd99\uc778\ub2e4. \uc774 stack::stack<\/em><\/strong><\/span>\uc740 \uae30\ubcf8 \uc81c\uacf5 \ud0c0\uc785\uc758 \ubcc0\uc218\uc640 \ub611\uac19\uc774 \uc4f8 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <TEXTAREA class=c name=code row=”10″ col=”60″> struct Bad_pop { }; void f( ) { stack::stack s1 = stack::create( ); \/\/\uc2a4\ud0dd \ud558\ub098\ub97c \uc0c8\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4. stack::stack s2 = stack::create( ); \/\/\uc2a4\ud0dd\uc744 \ud558\ub098 \ub354 \ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4. stack::push(s1,’c’); stack::push(s2,’k’); if (stack::pop(s1) != ‘c’) throw Bad_pop( ); if (stack::pop(s2) != ‘k’) throw Bad_pop( ); stack::destroy(s1); stack::destroy(s2); }<\/TEXTAREA><\/p>\n Stack\uc758 \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\ub97c \uad6c\ud604 \ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uaca0\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc4f0\ub4e0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uc2e0\uacbd \uc4f0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544\ub3c4 \ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uad6c\ud604\ubc29\ubc95\uc758 \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \uc608 : \uc2a4\ud0dd \uba87 \uac1c\ub97c \ubbf8\ub9ac \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ud560\ub2f9\ud574 \ub193\uace0, stack::create( )<\/em><\/strong><\/span>\ub294 \ubbf8\uc0ac\uc6a9 \uc2a4\ud0dd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucc38\uc870\uc790\ub97c \ub044\uc9d1\uc5b4 \ub0b4\ub294 \uc77c\ub9cc \ud558\uac8c \ud55c\ub2e4. stack::destroy( )<\/em><\/strong><\/span>\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9 \ub418\ub294 \uac83\ub4e4\uc740 \ub2e4\uc2dc ‘\ubbf8\uc0ac\uc6a9’ \uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud45c\uc2dc\ud574 \ub450\uc5b4, \ub098\uc911\uc5d0 stack::create( )<\/em><\/strong><\/span>\uac00 \uc7ac\uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <TEXTAREA class=c name=code row=”10″ col=”60″> namespace stack { \/\/\uc2e4\uc81c \uc2a4\ud0dd \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \ud45c\ud604\ubd80 const int max_size = 200; struct Rep { char v [max_size]; int top; }; const int max = 16; Rep stacks[max]; bool used[max]; typedef Rep& stack; } void stack::push(stack s, char c) { \/* \uc624\ubc84\ud50c\ub85c\ub97c \uc810\uac80\ud558\uace0 c\ub97c push\ud55c\ub2e4. *\/ } char stack::pop(stack s) { \/* s\uac00 \uc5b8\ub354\ud50c\ub85c\uac00 \ub0ac\ub294\uc9c0 \uc810\uac80\ud558\uace0 pop\ud55c\ub2e4. *\/ } stack::stack stack::create( ) { \/\/\ubbf8\uc0ac\uc6a9 \uc911\uc778 Rep\uc744 \uaebc\ub0b4\uace0 \uc774\uac83\uc744 ‘\uc0ac\uc6a9 \uc911’\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud45c\uc2dc\ud55c \ud6c4, \ucd08\uae30\ud654\ud558\uace0 \ucc38\uc870\uc790\ub97c \ubc18\ud658\ud55c\ub2e4. } void stack::destroy(stack s) { \/* s\ub97c “\ubbf8\uc0ac\uc6a9” \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \ubc14\uafbc\ub2e4. *\/ } <\/TEXTAREA><\/p>\n \uc9c0\uae08\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ubcf4\uba74, \uc2a4\ud0dd\uc744 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \ud0c0\uc785\uc774 \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4 \ud568\uc218\ub4e4\ub85c \ub458\ub7ec\uc2f8\uc778 \ud615\ud0dc\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc5d0\ub458\ub7ec \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c4 ‘\uc2a4\ud0dd \ud0c0\uc785’\uc758 \ub3d9\uc791 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uc88c\uc6b0\ud558\ub294 \uc694\uc778\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0\ub85c\uc11c, \uc870\uae08\uc529 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 \uc774\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc57d\uac04 \uc5b4\uae0b\ub098 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc720\uc0ac \ud0c0\uc785\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc0ac\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud310\uc774\ud558\uac8c \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\uace0, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ud63c\ub780\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6cc \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n 2.5.2 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc815\uc758 \ud0c0\uc785 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud574\uacb0\ucc45\uc73c\ub85c C++\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8 \uc81c\uacf5 \ud0c0\uc785\uacfc \ub611\uac19\uc740 \ub3d9\uc791 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\ub294 \ud0c0\uc785\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc815\uc758\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ud0c0\uc785\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ucf1c \ucd94\uc0c1 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud0c0\uc785 (abstract data type)\uc774\ub77c\uace0\ub4e4 \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc815\uc758 \ud0c0\uc785\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d\uc758 \uc774\ub860\uc801\uc778 \ud2c0 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n
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#include <iostream.h> \r\n\r\ndouble square_root(double num) \/\/square_root\ud568\uc218\uc5d0 double\uac12\uc744 \ub123\uc73c\uba74 \uc81c\uacf1\uadfc\uc774 double\uac12\uc73c\ub85c \ubc18\ud658 \ub41c\ub2e4. \r\n{ \r\n\/\/\uc81c\uacf1\uadfc \uacc4\uc0b0\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ucf54\ub4dc \r\n} \r\n\r\nvoid main() \r\n{ \r\ndouble number; \/\/\uc81c\uacf1\uadfc\uc744 \uad6c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c double\ubcc0\uc218 \r\ncout<<\" Enter the number : \"; \r\ncin>>number; \/\/\uc81c\uacf1\uadfc\uc744 \uad6c\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \uac12\uc744 \uc785\ub825. \r\ncout<<\"n\"<<square_root(number); \/\/\ud568\uc218\uc5d0 \uac12\uc744 \ub123\uc5b4 \ubc18\ud658\ud55c\ub2e4. \r\n}\r\n<\/pre>\n\n
\n \ud0c0\uc785<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n \ud06c\uae30<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n \uc0ac\uc6a9\ubc95<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n bool<\/strong><\/td>\n \ubd88(Boolean)<\/td>\n 1 byte<\/td>\n True, false<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n char<\/strong><\/td>\n \ubb38\uc790(character)<\/td>\n 1 byte<\/td>\n ‘k’, ‘h’, ‘j’, ‘4’<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n int<\/strong><\/td>\n \uc815\uc218(integer)<\/td>\n 2 or 4 bytes<\/td>\n 1, 342, 6342<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n double<\/strong><\/td>\n \ubc30\uc815\ubc00\ub3c4 \ubd80\ub3d9\uc18c\uc218\uc810\uc2e4\uc218<\/td>\n 8 bytes<\/td>\n 3.14, 29348.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n \n
\n \uc0b0\uc220 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc790<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n \ube44\uad50 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc790<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n +<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n \ub367\uc148<\/span><\/td>\n ==<\/span><\/td>\n \uac19\uc740\uac00?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n –<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n \ube84\uc148<\/span><\/td>\n !=<\/span><\/td>\n \ub2e4\ub978\uac00?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n *<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n \uacf1\uc148<\/span><\/td>\n <<\/span><\/td>\n \uc791\uc740\uac00<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \/<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n \ub098\ub217\uc148<\/span><\/td>\n ><\/span><\/td>\n \ud070\uac00?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n %<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n \ub098\uba38\uc9c0<\/span><\/td>\n <=<\/span><\/td>\n \uc791\uac70\ub098 \uac19\uc740\uac00?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n >=<\/span><\/td>\n \ud06c\uac70\ub098 \uac19\uc740\uac00<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n \n
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